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Wayzata World Factbook 1996
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The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso
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terror
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basque
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Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA)
Description
Founded in 1959 with the aim of creating an independent homeland in Spain's
Basque region. Has muted commitment to Marxism.
Activities
Chiefly bombings and assassinations of Spanish Government targets,
especially security forces. Since arrest of ETA members in France in March
1992, ETA also has attacked French interests. Finances activities through
kidnappings, robberies, and extortion.
Strength
Unknown; may have hundreds of members, plus supporters.
Location/Area of operations
Operates primarily in the Basque autonomous regions of northern Spain and
southwest France but also has bombed Spanish interests in Italy and Germany
and French interests in Italy.
External Aid
Has received training at various times in Libya, Lebanon, and Nicaragua.
Also appears to have close ties to PIRA.
SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
DECEMBER, 1973:
ASSASSINATED SPANISH PRIME MINISTER LUIS CARRERO BLANCO, HIS
CHAUFFER, AND A SECURITY OFFICER WITH A REMOTE-CONTROLLED
EXPLOSIVE DEVICE.
SEPTEMBER, 1974:
BOMBED A CROWDED CAFE NEXT TO A SECURITY HEADQUARTERS IN MADRID.
THIRTEEN CIVILIANS WERE KILLED AND SEVENTY WERE WOUNDED.
OCTOBER, 1976:
ASSASSINATED A SENIOR ADVISER TO KING JUAN CARLOS, HIS DRIVER, AND
THREE SECURITY GUARDS.
MARCH, 1978:
DETONATED A POWERFUL BOMB AT THE BILBAO NUCLEAR POWERPLANT, KILLING
TWO AND WOUNDING FOURTEEN.
JUNE/JULY, 1979:
INITIATED A "TOURIST WAR" IN SPANISH SEASIDE RESORT AREAS.
FOURTEEN TIME BOMBS WERE DETONATED, INJURING TWO AND CAUSING
EXTENSIVE PROPERTY DAMAGE.
NOVEMBER, 1979:
KIDNAPPED A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT IN MADRID. THE VICTIM WAS
RELEASED AFTER THE GOVERNMENT AGREED TO REVIEW AND EXPEDITE CASES
AGAINST BASQUE PRISONERS AND TO INVESTIGATE ALLEGATIONS OF
TORTURE.
FEBRUARY, 1980:
FIRED AN ANTI-TANK ROCKET AT THE PRIME MINISTER'S RESIDENCE IN
MADRID. THE ROCKET MISSED THE BUILDING. THERE WERE NO INJURIES.
JANUARY, 1981:
KIDNAPPED ONE OF THE WEALTHIEST MEN IN SPAIN, RELEASING HIM AFTER
58 DAYS AND PAYMENT OF A RANSOM REPORTED AT $3.29 MILLION.
JANUARY, 1982:
KIDNAPPED A LEADING INDUSTRIALIST AND HELD HIM FOR A MONTH BEFORE
RECEIVING A REPORTED RANSOM PAYMENT OF $1.3 MILLION.
OCTOBER, 1982:
DETONATED NEARLY TWO DOZEN BOMBS AT SEVERAL BANKS IN THE
BASQUE PROVINCES.
FEBRUARY, 1983:
KILLED THREE AND WOUNDED NINE IN THE BOMBING OF A BILBAO BANK THAT
HAD REFUSED TO PAY "REVOLUTIONARY TAXES."
APRIL, 1984:
KILLED A RETIRED POLICE OFFICER IN PAMPLONA. A BOOBYTRAP IN THE
GETAWAY CAR DETONATED WHILE IT WAS BEING EXAMINED, KILLING TWO
POLICE OFFICERS.
DECEMBER, 1984:
BOMBED SECTIONS OF THE ROTA-ZARAGOZA MILITARY PETROLEUM PIPELINE.
CLAIMED THE ACT WAS AGAINST THE SPANISH MILITARY.
JULY, 1985:
SHOT AND KILLED SPAIN'S DIRECTOR OF DEFENSE POLICY, SERIOUSLY
WOUNDING HIS CHAUFFER - IN MADRID.
SEPTEMBER, 1985:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB BY REMOTE CONTROL IN MADRID, INJURING TEN
MEMBERS OF THE CIVIL GUARD. AN AMERICAN BYSTANDER WAS KILLED.
FEBRUARY, 1986:
MURDERED VICE ADMIRAL CRISTOBOL COLON AND HIS CHAUFFER IN MADRID
IN A MACHINE GUN AND GRENADE ATTACK.
JULY, 1986:
REMOTE CONTROLLED DETONATION OF A DEVICE HIDDEN IN A PARKED VAN
IN MADRID. THE 100 POUND DEVICE DETONATED AS A BUS CARRYING CIVIL
GUARD CADETS WAS PASSING. TEN CADETS WERE KILLED AND SEVERAL
DOZEN WERE INJURED.
JULY, 1986:
DETONATED A BOMB IN MADRID, KILLING NINE PEOPLE.
JULY, 1986:
FIRED A DOZEN ANTI-TANK ROCKETS BY REMOTE CONTROL FROM A HOME MADE
LAUNCHER AT THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE IN MADRID, INJURING TWO
MILITARY OFFICERS. AFTER THE ATTACK, THE CAR TO WHICH THE LAUNCHER
WAS ATTACHED EXPLODED, INJURING TEN.
OCTOBER, 1986:
MURDERED THE GOVERNOR OF GUIPUZCOA PROVINCE BY DETONATING AN
EXPLOSIVE DEVICE THAT HAD BEEN PLACED ON THE ROOF OF THE VICTIM'S
CAR. THE VICTIM'S WIFE AND CHILDREN WERE ALSO KILLED.
DECEMBER, 1986:
KIDNAPPED A SPANISH BUSINESSMAN AND HELD HIM FOR 69 DAYS BEFORE
RECEIVING A REPORTED RANSOM PAYMENT OF $1.5 MILLION.
JANUARY, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB, DESTROYING A PASSING MILITARY BUS IN
ZARAGOZA, KILLING AN ARMY OFFICER AND THE CIVILIAN DRIVER OF THE
BUS. FORTY PERSONS WERE WOUNDED.
JANUARY/FEBRUARY, 1987:
PERPETRATED A SERIES OF ARSON AND BOMBING ATTACKS AGAINST FRENCH
INTERESTS IN MONDRAGON, BILBAO, AND LASARTE. BELIEVED TO BE
IN PROTEST OF FRANCE'S DEPORTATION OF BASQUE GUERRILLAS TO SPAIN.
MARCH, 1987:
STAGED A SUBMACHINE GUN ATTACK IN VITORIA, SERIOUSLY WOUNDING AN
ARMY OFFICER.
MARCH, 1987:
DETONATED AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE AT THE ENTRANCE TO THE BARCELONA
PORT. ONE CIVIL GUARDSMAN WAS KILLED AND FIFTEEN PERSONS WERE
INJURED.
MARCH/APRIL, 1987:
CONTINUED ARSON AND BOMBING ATTACKS AIMED MAINLY AT FRENCH TARGETS.
APRIL, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB NEAR A BARCELONA CIVIL GUARD BARRACKS, KILLING
ONE AND INJURING SEVEN.
MAY, 1987:
DETONATED THREE CAR BOMBS NEAR THE MADRID HEADQUARTERS OF THE
SPANISH NAVY, AIR FORCE, AND CIVIL GUARD, KILLING ONE AND
INJURING NINE.
JUNE, 1987:
IN SAN SEBASTIAN, DETONATED A CAR BOMB AS TWO POLICE VANS PASSED,
INJURING SIX.
JUNE, 1987:
DETONATED TWO EXPLOSIVE DEVICES AT A STATE-OWNED PETRO-CHEMICAL
PLANT. DAMAGE ESTIMATES VARIED BETWEEN $8 TO $16 MILLION.
JUNE, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB IN A PARKING GARAGE UNDER A SUPERMARKET IN
BARCELONA, KILLING TWENTY ONE AND INJURING MANY OTHERS.
AUGUST, 1987:
DETONATED AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE IN VITORIA AS A NATIONAL POLICE
VEHICLE PASSED; TWO PERSONS WERE KILLED AND ONE WAS INJURED.
AUGUST, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB IN EIBAR, INJURING THIRTEEN.
SEPTEMBER, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB IN SAN SEBASTIAN AS TWO NATIONAL POLICE VANS
PASSED. ONE POLICE OFFICER WAS KILLED AND SIX PEOPLE WERE HURT.
DECEMBER, 1987:
DETONATED A CAR BOMB IN FRONT OF A SPANISH CIVIL GUARD APARTMENT
COMPLEX, KILLING ELEVEN AND INJURING FORTY.
APRIL, 1989:
DETONATED AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE ON A SECONDARY RAILROAD LINE
FIFTY MILES SOUTH OF MADRID, CAUSING MINOR DAMAGE AND NO
INJURIES.
JULY, 1989:
MURDERED TWO ARMY OFFICERS IN MADRID.
SEPTEMBER, 1989:
MURDERED A GOVERNMENT PROSECUTER IN MADRID.
SEPTEMBER, 1989:
POSTMAN KILLED BY A PARCEL BOMB.
JANUARY, 1990:
A FRENCH AUTO DEALERSHIP IN THE BASQUE PROVINCE OF ALAVA IS BOMBED.
JANUARY, 1990:
A NATIONAL POLICEMAN WAS KILLED BY A BOMB PLACED NEXT TO HIS
PERSONAL AUTO.
FEBRUARY, 1990:
AT LEAST THREE LETTER/PARCEL BOMBS WERE SENT BY ETA. ONE SERIOUSLY
INJURED THE SENIOR JUDGE OF THE NATIONAL HIGH COURT OF SPAIN, ONE
INJURED TWO POSTAL WORKERS, AND A THIRD WAS DISARMED.
APRIL, 1990:
A MEMBER OF THE CIVIL GUARD WAS SHOT DEAD AS HE RETURNED TO HIS
HOME FROM WORK.
APRIL, 1990:
ETA PUBLISHED A COMMUNIQUE IN THE BASQUE LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER
"EGIN" STATING THAT IT WOULD ENGAGE IN ATTACKS ON THE SEVILLE
WORLD'S FAIR - EXPO 92.
JUNE, 1990:
A RETIRED SPANISH ARMY COLONEL WAS SHOT DEAD IN SAN SEBASTIAN.
JUNE, 1990:
A MAN WAS SHOT DEAD IN A CAFE IN A SUBURB OF THE BASQUE CITY OF
BILBAO. ETA CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ATTACK, APOLOGIZING
TO THE VICTIM'S FAMILY FOR HAVING MURDERED THE WRONG PERSON.
JUNE, 1990:
A FRENCH AUTO DEALERSHIP IN THE BASQUE PROVINCE OF VIZCAYA WAS
BOMBED.
JUNE, 1990:
AN OFFICE BUILDING IN AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, WAS BOMBED BY
ETA. THE BUILDING HOUSED THE OFFICES OF IBERIAN AIR, THE SPANISH
NATIONAL CARRIER.
JULY, 1990:
A SPANISH BANK IN AMSTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS, WAS BOMBED BY ETA.
A DUTCH NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED AN INTERVIEW WITH A BASQUE ACTIVIST
WHO CLAIMED THAT ETA BOMBINGS IN HOLLAND WERE INTENDED AS "LESSONS"
TO THE DUTCH GOVERNMENT FOR ITS COOPERATION WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF
SPAIN.
AUGUST, 1990:
A SERIES OF BOMBING ATTACKS AGAINST RAIL LINES THROUGHOUT SPAIN
TOOK PLACE.
SEPTEMBER, 1990:
A CAR BOMB DETONATED AT A CIVIL GUARD FACILITY IN BILBAO. A
CIVIL GUARDSMAN AND A CIVILIAN WERE KILLED. TWO GUARDSMEN WERE
INJURED.
SEPTEMBER, 1990:
A CAR BOMB DETONATED IN THE CITY OF CARTAGENA OUTSIDE THE LIVING
QUARTERS OF 400 CIVIL GUARD PERSONNEL AND THEIR FAMILIES.
SEVENTEEN PERSONS WERE INJURED.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
TWO POLICEMEN WERE KILLED AND TWO WERE SERIOUSLY INJURED WHEN A
TRUCK BOMB DETONATED AS THE VICTIMS' VEHICLE PASSED IN A BILBAO
SUBURB.
FEBRUARY, 1991:
ETA WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE BOMBING OF A SPANISH NAVY PATROL BOAT
IN THE PORT OF FUENTTERRABIA.
MARCH, 1991:
ETA CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE MURDER OF A SPANISH CONSTRUCTION
COMPANY EXECUTIVE IN VALENCIA.
APRIL, 1991:
A SPANISH POLICE OFFICER WAS KILLED, AND HIS WIFE WAS SERIOUSLY
INJURED WHEN A CAR BOMB DETONATED UNDER THEIR AUTOMOBILE. TWO
BYSTANDERS WERE ALSO INJURED IN THE BOMBING WHICH OCCURED IN
A SUBURB OF BILBAO.
APRIL, 1991:
A SEVENTEEN YEAR OLD DAUGHTER OF A NATIONAL POLICE OFFICER WAS
KILLED IN SAN SEBASTIAN BY A BOMB THAT HAD BEEN PLACED UNDER HER
FATHER'S CAR. THE BLAST INJURED THE FATHER AND THREE OTHER
CHILDREN. ETA CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
MAY, 1991:
NINE PEOPLE WERE KILLED AND APPROXIMATELY 50 INJURED IN A TOWN NEAR
BARCELONA WHEN A CAR BOMB DETONATED. FOUR OF THE DEAD WERE
CHILDREN.
JUNE, 1991:
A SPANISH AIR FORCE OFFICER WAS KILLED, AND FOUR CHILDRED WERE
INJURED WHEN A BOMB PLANTED UNDER THE OFFICER'S CAR DETONATED.
JUNE, 1991:
A PRISON OFFICER, TWO INMATES, AND A VISITING FAMILY MEMBER WERE
KILLED AND MORE THAN TWENTY PERSONS WERE INJURED WHEN A PARCEL BOMB
DETONATED IN A PRISON'S ENTRY CONTROL ROOM.
JULY, 1991:
ETA ISSUED A WARNING TO FRENCH TRAVEL AGENCIES STATING THAT TOURISM
WOULD BE CONSIDERED A LEGITIMATE "MILITARY" TARGET BY ETA.
JULY, 1991:
A SPANISH TOUR BUS WAS FIREBOMBED IN ROME.
AUGUST, 1991:
ETA BOMBED RAIL LINES AT SEVERAL LOCATIONS THROUGHOUT SPAIN.
AUGUST, 1991:
TWO BOMBS WERE PLANTED OUTSIDE SPANISH TRAVEL AGENCIES IN ROME.
BOTH BOMBS WERE DISARMED BY THE POLICE.
OCTOBER, 1991:
TWO MEMBERS OF THE SPANISH CIVIL GUARD WERE SHOT DEAD IN THE
CITY OF SAN SEBASTIAN.
NOVEMBER, 1991:
A BOMB PLANTED IN THE CAR OF A CIVIL GUARDSMAN IN BILBAO KILLED THE
TWO YEAR OLD SON OF THE INTENDED VICTIM. THE CIVIL GUARDSMAN AND
ANOTHER CHILD WERE INJURED IN THE ATTACK.
DECEMBER, 1991:
TWO PLAINCLOTHES SPANISH POLICE OFFICERS WERE SHOT DEAD IN
BARCELONA.
DECEMBER, 1991:
THE ETA BOMBED THE LEADING LUXURY HOTEL IN THE SOUTHERN CITY
OF SEVILLE, THE SITE OF EXPO 92.
JANUARY, 1992:
A SPANISH AIR FORCE MAJOR WAS SHOT DEAD IN AN AMBUSH IN BARCELONA.
JANUARY, 1992:
A FORMER SENATOR AND SECRETARY OF STATE FOR THE BASQUE AUTONOMOUS
REGIONS WAS ASSASSINATED NEAR THE UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA.
JANUARY, 1992:
TWO MEMBERS OF A SPANISH MILITARY BAND WERE SHOT DEAD IN
THE CENTER OF BARCELONA.
FEBRUARY, 1992:
FIVE PEOPLE WERE KILLED AND AT LEAST SIX WERE INJURED WHEN A BOMB
DESTROYED A POLICE VAN IN CENTRAL MADRID.
MARCH, 1992:
A RETIRED SPANISH ARMY COLONEL WAS KILLED BY A LETTER BOMB THAT HAD
BEEN SENT TO HIM IN MADRID.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM STATE DEPARTMENT, DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.